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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
2 points
Which of the following factors helps in the formation of fog over the sea ?
Tropical winds passing over cooler waters
Presence of condensation nuclei in the form of Ocean salt
Which of the above is / are correct?
Correct
Ans( c )
Justification :
Statement 1 : When wind blows moist air over a cool surface the air will cool and advection fog will form . Advection fog is very common at sea when tropical winds pass over cooler waters and on land when a warm front passes over heavy snow .
Statement 2 : Sea fog forms when the condensation nucleus is salt . Salt is , of course , very common near the ocean where it is kicked up into the atmosphere by the breaking waves . Salt is a unique condensation nuclei in that it will allow fog to form when the humidity is as low as 70 % .
Incorrect
Ans( c )
Justification :
Statement 1 : When wind blows moist air over a cool surface the air will cool and advection fog will form . Advection fog is very common at sea when tropical winds pass over cooler waters and on land when a warm front passes over heavy snow .
Statement 2 : Sea fog forms when the condensation nucleus is salt . Salt is , of course , very common near the ocean where it is kicked up into the atmosphere by the breaking waves . Salt is a unique condensation nuclei in that it will allow fog to form when the humidity is as low as 70 % .
Question 2 of 10
2. Question
2 points
When the availability of water in different storages and reservoirs like aquifers , lakes , reservoirs , etc. falls below what the precipitation can replenish , then it is called as
Correct
Ans B
Types of Droughts
Meteorological Drought : A situation where there is a prolonged period of inadequate rainfall that is characterised by an unfair distribution of the same over time and space .
Agricultural Drought : Also known as soil moisture drought , characterised by low soil moisture that needs to support crops , leading to crop failure . In addition , if gross cropped area under irrigation in a region more than 30 % , then that region is excluded from the category of drought – prone area .
Hydrological Drought : If water availability in various storages and reservoirs such as aquifers , lakes and reservoirs falls below what the rainfall can refill .
Ecological Drought : If a natural ecosystem’s productivity fails because of water shortage and ecological distress , ecosystem is induced to damage .
Incorrect
Ans B
Types of Droughts
Meteorological Drought : A situation where there is a prolonged period of inadequate rainfall that is characterised by an unfair distribution of the same over time and space .
Agricultural Drought : Also known as soil moisture drought , characterised by low soil moisture that needs to support crops , leading to crop failure . In addition , if gross cropped area under irrigation in a region more than 30 % , then that region is excluded from the category of drought – prone area .
Hydrological Drought : If water availability in various storages and reservoirs such as aquifers , lakes and reservoirs falls below what the rainfall can refill .
Ecological Drought : If a natural ecosystem’s productivity fails because of water shortage and ecological distress , ecosystem is induced to damage .
Question 3 of 10
3. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements :
In orographic rain is formed when moist air is forced to ascend over a mountain barrier
On the leeward side of a mountain , descending air is compressed and hence humidity decreases
On the rain shadow area of a mountain rainfall will be less
Which of the above is / are correct?
Correct
Ans D
Incorrect
Ans D
Question 4 of 10
4. Question
2 points
Which of the following regions is more likely to receive more than 200 cm of annual rainfall ?
Western coasts of cool temperate zones
Coastal areas of monsoon land
Central parts of tropical land
Choose the correct answer using the codes below :
Correct
Ans( a )
Justification : More than 200 cm per annum
Equatorial belt ( also evenly distributed )
Windward sides of mountain
Western coasts of cool temperate zones ( also evenly distributed )
Coastal areas of monsoon land
100-200 cm per annum
Interior continental areas
Coastal area of the continents
50-100 cm per annum
Central parts of tropical land
Eastern and interior parts of temperate zones like Ukraine
Rain – shadow zone and interior of continents at high latitudes
Incorrect
Ans( a )
Justification : More than 200 cm per annum
Equatorial belt ( also evenly distributed )
Windward sides of mountain
Western coasts of cool temperate zones ( also evenly distributed )
Coastal areas of monsoon land
100-200 cm per annum
Interior continental areas
Coastal area of the continents
50-100 cm per annum
Central parts of tropical land
Eastern and interior parts of temperate zones like Ukraine
Rain – shadow zone and interior of continents at high latitudes
Question 5 of 10
5. Question
1 points
Rainfall is more over the oceans than on the landmasses of the world because
Correct
Ans C
Justification : Option ( a ) : Oceans receive lesser solar insolation per unit area due to the cloudiness over them . Clouds reflect back solar insolation .
Option ( d ) : Cyclones occur due to intense evaporation and existence of low – pressure zone . They are one of the phenomena associated with high rainfall on oceans , not its cause .
Since there is more water in oceans and wind movement is unable to carry all cloudiness to land , rainfall is greater in oceans .
Incorrect
Ans C
Justification : Option ( a ) : Oceans receive lesser solar insolation per unit area due to the cloudiness over them . Clouds reflect back solar insolation .
Option ( d ) : Cyclones occur due to intense evaporation and existence of low – pressure zone . They are one of the phenomena associated with high rainfall on oceans , not its cause .
Since there is more water in oceans and wind movement is unable to carry all cloudiness to land , rainfall is greater in oceans .
Question 6 of 10
6. Question
2 points
You will observe that rainfall generally shows a reducing pattern when moving from equator to the poles . This is due to
Correct
Ans ( a )
Justification : Two patterns are broadly observed .
One , rainfall reduces from coastal to interior areas .
Second , as mentioned in the question , any moisture – laden winds from ocean will first hit the coastal areas and then interior areas . Moisture would go on reducing as the wind advances further in .
Poles receive lesser solar insolation , have lesser evaporation and rainfall . Reverse is true for equator . So , ( a ) is correct .
Jet streams do not play a significant role here and so , option ( d ) can be neglected.
Incorrect
Ans ( a )
Justification : Two patterns are broadly observed .
One , rainfall reduces from coastal to interior areas .
Second , as mentioned in the question , any moisture – laden winds from ocean will first hit the coastal areas and then interior areas . Moisture would go on reducing as the wind advances further in .
Poles receive lesser solar insolation , have lesser evaporation and rainfall . Reverse is true for equator . So , ( a ) is correct .
Jet streams do not play a significant role here and so , option ( d ) can be neglected.
Question 7 of 10
7. Question
2 points
Which of the following depositional features can be made near the river mouth ?
Ox – bow lakes
Braided channels
Flat valleys
Choose the correct answer using the codes below
Correct
Ans( d )
Besides deep gorges , these rivers also form V – shaped valleys , rapids and waterfalls in their mountainous course . While entering the plains , they form depositional features like flat valleys , ox – bow lakes , flood plains , braided channels and deltas near the river mouth.
Incorrect
Ans( d )
Besides deep gorges , these rivers also form V – shaped valleys , rapids and waterfalls in their mountainous course . While entering the plains , they form depositional features like flat valleys , ox – bow lakes , flood plains , braided channels and deltas near the river mouth.
Question 8 of 10
8. Question
2 points
Which of the following shows the differences between alluvial fans and delta ?
Fans are formed in the higher reaches of the river unlike deltas which form at lower reaches .
Fans are made of much coarser load than deltas .
There is no clear stratification of river load while deposition of alluvial fan unlike deltas where there in a clear stratification .
Choose the correct answer using the codes below :
Correct
Ans (d)
Alluvial fans
Water flowing from a higher level breaks down into foot slope plains of low gradient .
Normally very coarse load is carried by streams in the upper reaches . It becomes too heavy to carry and is deposited in low to high cone – shaped deposit called alluvial fan .
There is no stratification of river load as all the material ( fine and coarse ) is dumped together .
Streams make alluvial fans eventually shift course , forming many channels called distributaries .
Deltas
They are like alluvial fans but are formed at different location , i.e. near the sea .
Water flows at a very low slope and is at the lowest reaches .
Very fine sediment load is being carried ; if not carried into the sea , then deposited as a low cone called delta .
Delta deposits are well stratified with coarser material settling first and then finer ; as delta grows distributaries also grow in size .
Incorrect
Ans (d)
Alluvial fans
Water flowing from a higher level breaks down into foot slope plains of low gradient .
Normally very coarse load is carried by streams in the upper reaches . It becomes too heavy to carry and is deposited in low to high cone – shaped deposit called alluvial fan .
There is no stratification of river load as all the material ( fine and coarse ) is dumped together .
Streams make alluvial fans eventually shift course , forming many channels called distributaries .
Deltas
They are like alluvial fans but are formed at different location , i.e. near the sea .
Water flows at a very low slope and is at the lowest reaches .
Very fine sediment load is being carried ; if not carried into the sea , then deposited as a low cone called delta .
Delta deposits are well stratified with coarser material settling first and then finer ; as delta grows distributaries also grow in size .
Question 9 of 10
9. Question
2 points
Leeves are formed in a flood plain when the river
Correct
Ans ( a )
Incorrect
Ans ( a )
Question 10 of 10
10. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements :
Wind gaps in the course of a river do not allow the construction of upland roads and railways .
Deltas are less preferred sites than estuaries for the siting of large ports .
Which of the given statements is / are true?
Correct
Ans( b )
Justification : A wind gap is a valley through which a waterway once flowed but is now dry as a result of stream capture . A water gap is a similar feature , but one in which a waterway still flows . Water gaps and wind gaps often provide practical routes for trails , roads and railroads through mountainous terrain .
Examples of wind gaps in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia include Swift Run Gap , Rockfish Gap , and Buford’s Gap .
Since deltas have a large sediment deposition , they prevent ships from anchoring close to the shores . There is not enough depth in the water.
Incorrect
Ans( b )
Justification : A wind gap is a valley through which a waterway once flowed but is now dry as a result of stream capture . A water gap is a similar feature , but one in which a waterway still flows . Water gaps and wind gaps often provide practical routes for trails , roads and railroads through mountainous terrain .
Examples of wind gaps in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia include Swift Run Gap , Rockfish Gap , and Buford’s Gap .
Since deltas have a large sediment deposition , they prevent ships from anchoring close to the shores . There is not enough depth in the water.
