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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
2 points
Most of the salt dissolved in the oceans is
Correct
The two ions that are present most often in seawater are chloride and sodium. These two make up over 90% of all dissolved ions in seawater. The concentration of salt in seawater (salinity) is about 35 parts per thousand. In other words, about 35 of 1,000 (3.5%) of the weight of seawater comes from the dissolved salts; in a cubic mile of seawater the weight of the salt, as sodium chloride, would be about 120 million tons.
Incorrect
The two ions that are present most often in seawater are chloride and sodium. These two make up over 90% of all dissolved ions in seawater. The concentration of salt in seawater (salinity) is about 35 parts per thousand. In other words, about 35 of 1,000 (3.5%) of the weight of seawater comes from the dissolved salts; in a cubic mile of seawater the weight of the salt, as sodium chloride, would be about 120 million tons.
Question 2 of 10
2. Question
2 points
The Red Sea is one of the saltiest bodies of water in the world. This is due to
1. High evaporation and low precipitation
2. Low discharge from fresh water bodies.
3. Limited connection with other open Oceans with lower salinity such as the Indian Ocean.
Select the correct answer code:
Correct
The Red Sea is one of the saltiest bodies of water in the world, owing to high evaporation and low precipitation; no significant rivers or streams drain into the sea, and its southern connection to the Gulf of Aden, an arm of the Indian Ocean, is narrow. Its salinity ranges from between ~36 ‰ in the southern part and 41 ‰ in the northern part around the Gulf of Suez, with an average of 40 ‰.
Incorrect
The Red Sea is one of the saltiest bodies of water in the world, owing to high evaporation and low precipitation; no significant rivers or streams drain into the sea, and its southern connection to the Gulf of Aden, an arm of the Indian Ocean, is narrow. Its salinity ranges from between ~36 ‰ in the southern part and 41 ‰ in the northern part around the Gulf of Suez, with an average of 40 ‰.
Question 3 of 10
3. Question
2 points
Lake Van, one of the highest saline lake in the world is located in
Correct
Lake Van is the largest lake in Turkey. It is a saline soda lake, receiving water from many small streams that descend from the surrounding mountains. Despite the high altitude and winter highs below 0 °C (32 °F), high salinity mainly prevents it from freezing at such times.
Incorrect
Lake Van is the largest lake in Turkey. It is a saline soda lake, receiving water from many small streams that descend from the surrounding mountains. Despite the high altitude and winter highs below 0 °C (32 °F), high salinity mainly prevents it from freezing at such times.
Question 4 of 10
4. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Saline soils.
0. Saline soils are also known as Urvara Soils.
1. They have more salts, largely because of dry climate and poor drainage.
2. They occur in arid and semi-arid regions, and in waterlogged and swampy areas.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Saline soils are also known as Usara soils. Saline soils contain a larger proportion of sodium, potassium and magnesium, and thus, they are infertile, and do not support any vegetative growth. They have more salts, largely because of dry climate and poor drainage. They occur in arid and semi-arid regions, and in waterlogged and swampy areas.
Incorrect
Saline soils are also known as Usara soils. Saline soils contain a larger proportion of sodium, potassium and magnesium, and thus, they are infertile, and do not support any vegetative growth. They have more salts, largely because of dry climate and poor drainage. They occur in arid and semi-arid regions, and in waterlogged and swampy areas.
Question 5 of 10
5. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements.
0. Surface salinity is greatly influenced in polar regions by the processes of freezing and thawing of ice.
1. Wind also influences salinity of an area by transferring water to other areas.
2. The ocean currents have negligible role in affecting ocean salinity.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Surface salinity is greatly influenced in coastal regions by the fresh water flow from rivers, and in polar regions by the processes of freezing and thawing of ice.
Wind, also influences salinity of an area by transferring water to other areas.
The ocean currents contribute to the salinity variations. Salinity, temperature and density of water are interrelated. Hence, any change in the temperature or density influences the salinity of an area.
Incorrect
Surface salinity is greatly influenced in coastal regions by the fresh water flow from rivers, and in polar regions by the processes of freezing and thawing of ice.
Wind, also influences salinity of an area by transferring water to other areas.
The ocean currents contribute to the salinity variations. Salinity, temperature and density of water are interrelated. Hence, any change in the temperature or density influences the salinity of an area.
Question 6 of 10
6. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Seaweeds.
1. Seaweeds, are plant-like organisms that generally live attached to rock or other hard substrata in coastal areas.
2. Seaweed species such as kelps provide essential habitat for fisheries and other marine species and thus protect food sources.
3. They play a vital role in capturing carbon and producing oxygen.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Marine macroalgae, or seaweeds, are plant-like organisms that generally live attached to rock or other hard substrata in coastal areas.
Seaweed species such as kelps provide essential nursery habitat for fisheries and other marine species and thus protect food sources; other species, such as planktonic algae, play a vital role in capturing carbon, producing up to 50% of Earth’s oxygen.
Incorrect
Marine macroalgae, or seaweeds, are plant-like organisms that generally live attached to rock or other hard substrata in coastal areas.
Seaweed species such as kelps provide essential nursery habitat for fisheries and other marine species and thus protect food sources; other species, such as planktonic algae, play a vital role in capturing carbon, producing up to 50% of Earth’s oxygen.
Question 7 of 10
7. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Corals.
1. Corals are marine invertebrate species.
2. Corals grow in shallow waters so as to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis to produce their food.
3. Corals secrete calcium carbonate which form outer skeleton.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
o Live coral are colonies of small animals embedded in calcium carbonate shells. It is a mistake to think of coral as plants or rocks. Coral heads consist of accumulations of individual animals called polyps, arranged in diverse shapes.
o Reef-building or hermatypic corals live only in the photic zone (above 50 m), the depth to which sufficient sunlight penetrates the water. Coral polyps do not photosynthesize, but have a symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae; these organisms live within the tissues of polyps and provide organic nutrients that nourish the polyp. Because of this relationship, coral reefs grow much faster in clear water, which admits more sunlight.
Incorrect
o Live coral are colonies of small animals embedded in calcium carbonate shells. It is a mistake to think of coral as plants or rocks. Coral heads consist of accumulations of individual animals called polyps, arranged in diverse shapes.
o Reef-building or hermatypic corals live only in the photic zone (above 50 m), the depth to which sufficient sunlight penetrates the water. Coral polyps do not photosynthesize, but have a symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae; these organisms live within the tissues of polyps and provide organic nutrients that nourish the polyp. Because of this relationship, coral reefs grow much faster in clear water, which admits more sunlight.
Question 8 of 10
8. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Polymetallic nodules.
1. They are generally found within shells floating at the sea surface along with phytoplankton.
2. They mainly contain manganese, iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and lead.
3. Crude oil is extracted from these nodules in the Indian Ocean.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Polymetallic nodules (also known as manganese nodules) are potato-shaped, largely porous nodules found in abundance carpeting the sea floor of world oceans in deep sea.
Composition: Besides manganese and iron, they contain nickel, copper, cobalt, lead, molybdenum, cadmium, vanadium, titanium, of which nickel, cobalt and copper are considered to be of economic and strategic importance.
They do not contain crude oil.
Incorrect
Polymetallic nodules (also known as manganese nodules) are potato-shaped, largely porous nodules found in abundance carpeting the sea floor of world oceans in deep sea.
Composition: Besides manganese and iron, they contain nickel, copper, cobalt, lead, molybdenum, cadmium, vanadium, titanium, of which nickel, cobalt and copper are considered to be of economic and strategic importance.
They do not contain crude oil.
Question 9 of 10
9. Question
2 points
Which of the following is correct about Profundal zone?
Correct
The profundal zone is a deep zone of an inland body of freestanding water, such as a lake or pond, located below the range of effective light penetration. This is typically below the thermocline, the vertical zone in the water through which temperature drops rapidly.
The profundal is often defined, as the deepest, vegetation-free, and muddy zone of the lacustrine benthal. The profundal zone is often part of the aphotic zone.
Incorrect
The profundal zone is a deep zone of an inland body of freestanding water, such as a lake or pond, located below the range of effective light penetration. This is typically below the thermocline, the vertical zone in the water through which temperature drops rapidly.
The profundal is often defined, as the deepest, vegetation-free, and muddy zone of the lacustrine benthal. The profundal zone is often part of the aphotic zone.
Question 10 of 10
10. Question
2 points
Most of the world biomass can be found in the oceans due to
1. Its large area vis-à-vis other ecosystems.
2. Its higher primary productivity as compared to all other ecosystems.
Select the correct answer code:
Correct
Open oceans>Deserts> Temperate forests> Cultivated lands>Tropical forests is the order of geographical area of these ecosystems.
Oceans have the lowest primary productivity. Swamps and tropical rainforests have the highest productivity. Despite low primary productivity, oceans score higher on total biomass due to its huge spread over globe.
Incorrect
Open oceans>Deserts> Temperate forests> Cultivated lands>Tropical forests is the order of geographical area of these ecosystems.
Oceans have the lowest primary productivity. Swamps and tropical rainforests have the highest productivity. Despite low primary productivity, oceans score higher on total biomass due to its huge spread over globe.
