Fecal coliform (FC)
Context:
The recent report by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) revealed the presence of high levels of fecal coliform at Prayagraj.
- The report states that the quality of water at a few monitored locations did not meet the required standards for bathing, primarily due to high levels of fecal coliform (FC).
Relevance:
GS-03 (Conservation)
What is fecal coliform (FC)?
- It is a group of bacteria that are passed through the fecal excrement of humans, livestock, and wildlife.
- It also indicates the recent fecal contamination in water.
- Coliform bacteria generally originate in the intestines of warm-blooded animals.
- FC is used to monitor the microbiological purification of wastewater treatment and disinfection.
- Effects on Humans and Environment:
- Coliform bacteria as such won’t cause any illness. However, their presence in drinking water indicates that disease-causing organisms (pathogens) could be in the water system.
- The presence of FC indicates that there exist other disease-causing bacteria, such as those that cause typhoid, dysentery, hepatitis A, and cholera in humans.
- Aerobic decomposition of FC in waterbodies can reduce dissolved oxygen levels if discharged into rivers or waterways.
- It destroys marine and other aquatic life.
- Removal and Treatment of Faecal Coliform
- Boiling Water: Kills bacteria and inhibits their growth effectively.
- Chlorine Treatment: Commonly used in water purification to eliminate bacterial contamination.
- UV Disinfection: Exposes water to ultraviolet light, neutralising harmful microbes.
- Proper Hygiene: Washing hands thoroughly with soap after contact with contaminated water helps prevent infections.
- Use of Gloves: Essential when testing for faecal coliform to avoid direct exposure.
- Municipal Water Treatment: Public water supply systems regularly monitor and treat water to control faecal coliform contamination.
- Iodine Treatment: Can be used as an alternative method to purify water.
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