Why Maharashtra’s small, marginal farmers are rejoicing over U.K. FTA

Why in News?

India–UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA): Grapes from India will now enter the UK duty-free (earlier 8% tariff).
This boosts competitiveness against exporters like South Africa & Chile.
Particularly beneficial to Nashik (Maharashtra) – India’s Grape Capital.

Key Facts

Nashik (Maharashtra): Largest grape producer of India.
- 2023–24: 3 lakh MT exported; worth $400 million.
- UK = consistent top importer.
Shift in Varieties:
- Old: Sonaka (low export value).
- New: Thompson Seedless, Ara (export-oriented).
Collective Farming Model (FPCs):
- Over 90% Indian farmers = small/marginal → collective farming improves bargaining power.
- Sahyadri Farms FPC:
  - 14,000 farmers associated.
  - Largest grape exporter (17% share).
  - ₹1,900 crore sales (2025); 30% exports to UK.
  - 30+ new varieties, 19 patented.
Expected Gains from FTA: ~15% better farmer returns.

Benefits of FTA for Farmers

Higher Income: Duty-free entry → better price realization.
Timely Payments & Fixed Income: Export contracts ensure stability.
Youth Engagement: Quality testing, soil testing, agri-allied entrepreneurship.
Expansion: Scope for other fruits (pomegranate, mango, citrus).
Food Safety Push: Strict export norms → improved domestic food standards.

Viticulture

Definition: Cultivation & harvesting of grapes (vitis = vine, culture = cultivation).

Types:
- Table grapes (direct consumption).
- Wine grapes (high sugar, fermentation).
- Raisin grapes.
- Juice & jam grapes.
Popular Varieties:
- Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Shiraz, Pinot Noir.
- White: Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Chenin Blanc.
- Indian: Anab-e-Shahi, Bangalore Blue, Thompson Seedless.
Requirements:
- Climate: Warm & temperate, frost protection in winters.
- Soil: Well-draining loamy/sandy; pH 5.5–7.
- Irrigation: Controlled (drip preferred).
- Vineyard management: pruning, trellising, pest & disease control (IPM).