Vitamin D Deficiency in India

Recently, one of the health reports highlighted the growing Vitamin D deficiency crisis in India.

According to the report, 1 in 5 Indians are affected.
Causes:
- Urban lifestyle changes.
- Limited sun exposure due to indoor work culture.
- High air pollution.

Vitamin D, or Calciferol, is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for overall health.
It helps the body regulate calcium and phosphate, which are vital for healthy bones, teeth, and muscles.
Sources of Vitamin D
Natural Source:
- Sunlight: The primary source — the body synthesizes Vitamin D when skin is exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) rays.
- Urban constraints (e.g., pollution, sunscreen use, limited outdoor activity) reduce this natural synthesis.
Dietary Sources:
- Animal-based Foods: Fatty fish (e.g., salmon, sardines, mackerel), Egg yolks, Red meat, Liver.
- Fortified Foods: Some dairy and plant-based milk, breakfast cereals.
Supplements: Available in Vitamin D2 and D3 forms, especially for people with limited sun exposure.

In Adults: Bone pain, muscle weakness, and increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures.
In Children: Can lead to rickets — a condition causing bone softening and deformities.
Long-term deficiency may also affect immune function and increase risk of chronic diseases.

Q. With reference to Vitamin D, consider the following statements:

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 2 and 3 only

B. 1 and 2 only

C. 1 and 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: A. 2 and 3 only

Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect – Vitamin D is fat-soluble, not water-soluble, and it’s related to calcium-phosphate regulation, not iron.
Statements 2 and 3 are correct.

Important Links