Rising Obesity in India
Why in News?
The National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-21) in its recent report highlighted India’s increasing case of obesity.
- One in four men and women are classified as obese in India.
- A study in The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology (2023) further revealed that 35 crore adults have abdominal obesity, 25 crore suffer from generalized obesity, and 21 crore have high cholesterol.
- The World Obesity Federation also warned that India has one of the steepest increases in childhood obesity globally.
Relevance:
GS-02 (Health)
Dimensions of the Article:
- Understanding the Issue
- Consequences of Obesity
- Way Forward
Understanding the Issue
- India has transitioned from being a calorie-deficient nation to a calorie-sufficient one, but nutritional imbalance remains a major concern.
- 55% of the population (78 crore people) cannot afford a healthy diet, as per the State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World Report (2024).
- The rise of high-fat, sugar, and salt (HFSS) foods and ultra-processed foods (UPF), coupled with low physical activity (50% of Indians do not meet WHO’s recommended exercise levels), has fueled the obesity epidemic.
- Obesity is a scientifically recognized disease that increases the risk of diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, and liver disorders.
Consequences of Obesity
- Health Risks: Obesity is linked to 3.4 million deaths annually worldwide and increases vulnerability to diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders.
- Economic Burden: The economic cost of obesity in India was $28.95 billion in 2019 (1.02% of GDP) and is projected to rise to 1.57% of GDP by 2030 due to healthcare costs and lost productivity.
- Lack of Policy Focus: Unlike undernutrition, obesity lacks structured government programs. While initiatives like Fit India, Khelo India, and Eat Right India exist, they largely shift responsibility to individuals rather than systemic interventions.
Way Forward
- Regulation & Taxation: Introduce higher taxes on HFSS and ultra-processed foods while providing subsidies for fruits, vegetables, and healthy food options.
- Urban Planning & Physical Activity: Develop bicycle lanes, public parks, and open gyms, ensuring easy access to physical activity spaces for all.
- Public Health Campaigns & Education: Launch nationwide awareness programs on obesity as a disease, integrate nutrition education in schools, and train healthcare professionals to address obesity management.
Conclusion:
A multi-sectoral approach involving health, education, finance, and urban planning ministries is crucial to combat obesity and ensure a healthier, more productive India.
Mains Question:
Rising obesity in India poses significant public health and economic challenges. Comment. (250 words)
