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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
2 points
. Consider the following statements about Ziyarat.
1. It is a pilgrimage to the tomb of Sufi saints.
2. This practice is an occasion for seeking the Sufi’s spiritual grace (barakat).
3. The practice was restricted to a certain class of Muslims.
Choose the correct answer using the codes below.
Correct
Ans A
Pilgrimage, called ziyarat, to the tombs of Sufi saints is prevalent all over the Muslim world. This practice is an occasion for seeking the Sufi’s spiritual grace (barakat).
For more than seven centuries, people of various creeds, classes and social backgrounds have devotion at the dargahs of the five great Chishti saints. expressed their 3. Amongst these, the most revered shrine is that of Khwaja Muinuddin, popularly known as Gharib Nawaz (comforter of the poor).
Incorrect
Ans A
Pilgrimage, called ziyarat, to the tombs of Sufi saints is prevalent all over the Muslim world. This practice is an occasion for seeking the Sufi’s spiritual grace (barakat).
For more than seven centuries, people of various creeds, classes and social backgrounds have devotion at the dargahs of the five great Chishti saints. expressed their 3. Amongst these, the most revered shrine is that of Khwaja Muinuddin, popularly known as Gharib Nawaz (comforter of the poor).
Question 2 of 10
2. Question
2 points
. Consider the following about beliefs of Sufis:
1. Love and devotion is a means of attaining salvation.
2. One must have the guidance of a master without which spiritual development is impossible.
Which of the above is/are correct?
Correct
Ans C
Statement 1: Sufism stressed the elements of love and devotion as effective means of the realisation of God. Love of God meant love of humanity, and so the Sufis believed service to humanity was tantamount to service to God. While orthodox Muslims emphasise external conduct, the Sufis lay stress on inner purity.
Statement 2: According to them, one must have the guidance of a pir or guru, without which spiritual development is impossible. This is because the path of devotion can be very tough for a novice follower. Sufism also inculcated a spirit of tolerance among its followers. Other ideas emphasised by Sufism are meditation, good actions, repentance for sins, performance of prayers and pilgrimages, fasting, charity and suppression of passions by ascetic practices.
Incorrect
Ans C
Statement 1: Sufism stressed the elements of love and devotion as effective means of the realisation of God. Love of God meant love of humanity, and so the Sufis believed service to humanity was tantamount to service to God. While orthodox Muslims emphasise external conduct, the Sufis lay stress on inner purity.
Statement 2: According to them, one must have the guidance of a pir or guru, without which spiritual development is impossible. This is because the path of devotion can be very tough for a novice follower. Sufism also inculcated a spirit of tolerance among its followers. Other ideas emphasised by Sufism are meditation, good actions, repentance for sins, performance of prayers and pilgrimages, fasting, charity and suppression of passions by ascetic practices.
Question 3 of 10
3. Question
2 points
With reference to Sufi Khanqah, consider the following statements.
1. It was a lodging facility for Sufi saints and disciples.
2. Series of Khanqahs were known as silsilas.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
Correct
Ans (a)
By the 11th century, Sufism evolved into a well-developed movement with a body of literature on Quranic studies and Sufi practices. Institutionally, the Sufis began to organise communities around the hospice or khanqah (Persian) controlled by a teaching master known as shaikh (in Arabic), pir or murshid (in Persian). He enrolled disciples (murids) and appointed a successor (khalifa). He established rules for spiritual conduct and interaction between inmates as well as between laypersons and the master.
Sufi silsilas began to crystallise in different parts of the Islamic world around the 12th century. The word silsila literally means a chain, signifying a continuous link between master and disciple, stretching as unbroken spiritual genealogy to the Prophet Muhammad. It was through this channel that spiritual power and blessings were transmitted to devotees. Special rituals of initiation were developed in which initiates took an oath of allegiance, wore a patched garment and shaved their hair.
Incorrect
Ans (a)
By the 11th century, Sufism evolved into a well-developed movement with a body of literature on Quranic studies and Sufi practices. Institutionally, the Sufis began to organise communities around the hospice or khanqah (Persian) controlled by a teaching master known as shaikh (in Arabic), pir or murshid (in Persian). He enrolled disciples (murids) and appointed a successor (khalifa). He established rules for spiritual conduct and interaction between inmates as well as between laypersons and the master.
Sufi silsilas began to crystallise in different parts of the Islamic world around the 12th century. The word silsila literally means a chain, signifying a continuous link between master and disciple, stretching as unbroken spiritual genealogy to the Prophet Muhammad. It was through this channel that spiritual power and blessings were transmitted to devotees. Special rituals of initiation were developed in which initiates took an oath of allegiance, wore a patched garment and shaved their hair.
Question 4 of 10
4. Question
2 points
Sufi silsilas were
Correct
Ans A
Sufi silsilas began to crystallise in different parts of the Islamic world around the 12th century. The word silsila literally means a chain, signifying a continuous link between master and disciple, stretching as an unbroken spiritual genealogy to the Prophet.
Chisti silsila, tracing its origin to Khwaja Chisti, was one such popular silsila.
Incorrect
Ans A
Sufi silsilas began to crystallise in different parts of the Islamic world around the 12th century. The word silsila literally means a chain, signifying a continuous link between master and disciple, stretching as an unbroken spiritual genealogy to the Prophet.
Chisti silsila, tracing its origin to Khwaja Chisti, was one such popular silsila.
Question 5 of 10
5. Question
2 points
The practice of ‘muraqaba’ in Sufism can be likened to the practices of what in other religions and faiths?
Correct
Ans B
The practice of muraqaba can be likened to the practices of meditation attested in many faith communities. The word muraqaba is derived from the same root (r-q-b) occurring as one of the 99 names of God in the Quran, al-Raqib, meaning ‘the Vigilant’ and attested in the Quran. Through muraqaba, a person watches over or takes care of the spiritual heart, acquires knowledge about it and becomes attuned to the Divine Presence, which is ever vigilant. While variation exists, one description of the practice within a Naqshbandi lineage reads as follows: ‘He is to collect all of his bodily senses in concentration, and to cut himself off from all preoccupation and notions that inflict themselves upon the heart. And thus he is to turn his full consciousness towards God Most High while saying three times: ‘Ilahîanta maqsûdî wa-ridâka matlûbî’-‘my God, you are my Goal and Your good pleasure is what I seek’. Then he brings to his heart the Name of the Essence-Allâh-and as it courses through his heart he remains attentive to its meaning, which is ‘Essence without likeness’. The seeker remains aware that He is Present, Watchful, encompassing of all, thereby exemplifying the meaning of his saying (may God bless him and grant him peace): ‘Worship God as though you see Him, for if you do not see Him, He sees you’. And likewise the prophetic tradition: ‘The most favored level of faith is to know that God is witness over you, wherever you may be”
Incorrect
Ans B
The practice of muraqaba can be likened to the practices of meditation attested in many faith communities. The word muraqaba is derived from the same root (r-q-b) occurring as one of the 99 names of God in the Quran, al-Raqib, meaning ‘the Vigilant’ and attested in the Quran. Through muraqaba, a person watches over or takes care of the spiritual heart, acquires knowledge about it and becomes attuned to the Divine Presence, which is ever vigilant. While variation exists, one description of the practice within a Naqshbandi lineage reads as follows: ‘He is to collect all of his bodily senses in concentration, and to cut himself off from all preoccupation and notions that inflict themselves upon the heart. And thus he is to turn his full consciousness towards God Most High while saying three times: ‘Ilahîanta maqsûdî wa-ridâka matlûbî’-‘my God, you are my Goal and Your good pleasure is what I seek’. Then he brings to his heart the Name of the Essence-Allâh-and as it courses through his heart he remains attentive to its meaning, which is ‘Essence without likeness’. The seeker remains aware that He is Present, Watchful, encompassing of all, thereby exemplifying the meaning of his saying (may God bless him and grant him peace): ‘Worship God as though you see Him, for if you do not see Him, He sees you’. And likewise the prophetic tradition: ‘The most favored level of faith is to know that God is witness over you, wherever you may be”
Question 6 of 10
6. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements. Tasawwuf
1. stressed the elements of love and devotion as effective means of the realisation of God.
2. considered rituals more important than self-discipline in reaching the highest goal.
Which of the above is/are correct?
Correct
Ans A
Statements 1 and 2: Tasawwuf is another name for Sufism, as it is known in the Muslim world. In Sufism, self-discipline was considered an essential condition to gain knowledge of God by sense of perception. While orthodox Muslims emphasise external conduct and rituals, the Sufis lay stress on inner purity. According to them, one must have the guidance of a pir or guru, without which spiritual development is impossible.
Incorrect
Ans A
Statements 1 and 2: Tasawwuf is another name for Sufism, as it is known in the Muslim world. In Sufism, self-discipline was considered an essential condition to gain knowledge of God by sense of perception. While orthodox Muslims emphasise external conduct and rituals, the Sufis lay stress on inner purity. According to them, one must have the guidance of a pir or guru, without which spiritual development is impossible.
Question 7 of 10
7. Question
2 points
With reference to Chaitanya, consider the following statements:
1. He popularised the Shakti cult in medieval India.
2. He was against renunciation and asceticism as a path to spiritual liberation.
3. He believed that through song and dance done with love and devotion one can feel the presence of God.
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
Correct
Ans B
He was a well-known saint and reformer of Bengal who popularised the Krishna cult. He renounced the material world, became an ascetic and wandered all over the country preaching his ideas.
2. He proclaimed the universal brotherhood of man and condemned all distinction based on religion and caste. He emphasised love and peace and showed great sympathy to the sufferings of other people, especially that of the poor and the weak.
3. He believed that through love and devotion, song and dance a devotee can feel the presence of God. He accepted disciples from all classes and castes and his teachings are widely followed in Bengal even today.
Incorrect
Ans B
He was a well-known saint and reformer of Bengal who popularised the Krishna cult. He renounced the material world, became an ascetic and wandered all over the country preaching his ideas.
2. He proclaimed the universal brotherhood of man and condemned all distinction based on religion and caste. He emphasised love and peace and showed great sympathy to the sufferings of other people, especially that of the poor and the weak.
3. He believed that through love and devotion, song and dance a devotee can feel the presence of God. He accepted disciples from all classes and castes and his teachings are widely followed in Bengal even today.
Question 8 of 10
8. Question
2 points
Located on an island in the Cauvery River, this temple is mentioned in the Thiviya Pirabandham, the early medieval Tamil literature canon of the Alvar saints from the 6th to 9th centuries AD. It is
Correct
Ans D
The Sri Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangam is one of the most illustrious Vaishnava temples in South India rich in legend and history. Its location is on an island in the Cauvery River.
It is counted among the 108 Divya Desams dedicated to Vishnu. The țemple follows the Thenkalai tradition of worship.
It has bagged an award of merit from UNESCO for protecting and conserving cultural heritage, thus becoming the first temple from Tamil Nadu to grab the prestigious honour from the UN body. • 4. Launched in 2000, the UNESCO Asia- Pacific awards for cultural heritage conservation programme is aimed at acknowledging the efforts taken to restore and conserve historical structures without affecting their heritage value in the region comprising 48 countries.
Incorrect
Ans D
The Sri Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangam is one of the most illustrious Vaishnava temples in South India rich in legend and history. Its location is on an island in the Cauvery River.
It is counted among the 108 Divya Desams dedicated to Vishnu. The țemple follows the Thenkalai tradition of worship.
It has bagged an award of merit from UNESCO for protecting and conserving cultural heritage, thus becoming the first temple from Tamil Nadu to grab the prestigious honour from the UN body. • 4. Launched in 2000, the UNESCO Asia- Pacific awards for cultural heritage conservation programme is aimed at acknowledging the efforts taken to restore and conserve historical structures without affecting their heritage value in the region comprising 48 countries.
Question 9 of 10
9. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements. The Shaiva movement in South India
1. flourished through the activities of Alvars.
2. was popularised through singing emotional songs in Tamil.
3. opposed the views of the Virashaivas and Agamantas.
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
Correct
Ans C
Statement 1: The Shaiva movement in the South flourished at the beginning through the activities of many of the 63 saints known in Tamil as Nayanars (Shiva-bhakts).
Statement 2: Their appealing emotional songs in Tamil were called Tevaram Stotras, also known as Dravida Veda, and ceremonially sung in the local Shiva temples.
Statement 3: The Nayanars hailed from all castes. This was supplemented on the doctrinal side by a large number of Shaiva intellectuals whose names were associated with several forms of Shaiva movements like Agamanta, Shudha and Virashaivism.
Incorrect
Ans C
Statement 1: The Shaiva movement in the South flourished at the beginning through the activities of many of the 63 saints known in Tamil as Nayanars (Shiva-bhakts).
Statement 2: Their appealing emotional songs in Tamil were called Tevaram Stotras, also known as Dravida Veda, and ceremonially sung in the local Shiva temples.
Statement 3: The Nayanars hailed from all castes. This was supplemented on the doctrinal side by a large number of Shaiva intellectuals whose names were associated with several forms of Shaiva movements like Agamanta, Shudha and Virashaivism.
Question 10 of 10
10. Question
2 points
With reference to Bhakti saints, consider the following statements:
1. Ekanatha opposed caste distinctions and was sympathetic towards the lower castes.
2. Gnanadeva was the founder of the Bhakti movement in Maharashtra in the 5h century.
3. Namadeva preached the gospel of love through idol worship.
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
Correct
Ans B
Statement 1: In the 16h century, Ekanatha opposed caste distinctions and was sympathetic towards the lower castes. He composed many lyrics and his bhajans and kirtans were famous.
Statement 2: It cannot be 5th century because the Bhakti movement is a Medieval India movement of the 13 century. It was called Maharashtra dharma. He wrote a commentary of Bhagavat Gita called Gnaneswari.
Statement 3: Namadeva preached the gospel of love. He opposed idol worship and priestly domination. He also opposed the caste system.
Incorrect
Ans B
Statement 1: In the 16h century, Ekanatha opposed caste distinctions and was sympathetic towards the lower castes. He composed many lyrics and his bhajans and kirtans were famous.
Statement 2: It cannot be 5th century because the Bhakti movement is a Medieval India movement of the 13 century. It was called Maharashtra dharma. He wrote a commentary of Bhagavat Gita called Gnaneswari.
Statement 3: Namadeva preached the gospel of love. He opposed idol worship and priestly domination. He also opposed the caste system.
