A lofty concept, a Governor and unwanted controversy

Relevance: GS2 POLITY

Context

A confrontation arose between the Governor of Kerala and the state government over the display of a Bharat Mata painting at official events in Raj Bhavan.
The image, showing a saffron-clad woman with a spear and a lion, is not constitutionally recognized and has sparked debates on protocol and constitutional conduct.

Constitutional Role of the Governor

Articles 153 to 162: Governor is the constitutional head of the state.
No independent authority: As per Article 163 and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the Governor must act on the advice of the Council of Ministers.
Supreme Court rulings: Reiterated limits on Governor’s discretionary powers (e.g., Nabam Rebia Case, 2016).

The Core Issue

Display of Bharat Mata image in official rooms of Raj Bhavan during government functions.
The image used is not recognized as a national symbol by the Constitution or any law.
Government objected to its inclusion in official protocol, asserting violation of secular and constitutional norms.

Symbolism of Bharat Mata

Historical Roots:
- Originated in Bankim Chandra’s ‘Anandamath’ (Banga Mata).
- Abanindranath Tagore’s painting (1905) popularised the image.
- Sister Nivedita promoted it as Bharat Mata.
Nehru’s Interpretation:
- In The Discovery of India, Nehru says Bharat Mata is the people of India, not a deity or anthropomorphic figure.
Modern Relevance:
- Anthropomorphism of the nation is outdated.
- Secularism and diversity are foundational to Indian nationalism.

Governor vs State Government

Recurring clashes between Governors and elected governments over:
- University appointments
- Bill assents and legislative delays
- Protocol breaches
Kerala Case: Highlights tension due to ideological symbolism in state-run events.

Constitutional & Ethical Dimensions

Raj Bhavan is a public institution, not private property of the Governor.
Symbols used in official functions must be approved by the government.
Protocol and decorum must reflect constitutional secularism, not partisan ideology.

Important Links