Genetic Analysis of Assam Rhino Horn Samples Initiated
Background
- In September 2021, the Assam Forest Department destroyed 2,479 rhino horns as part of an anti-poaching initiative and to eliminate myths around rhino horn’s medicinal value.
- Samples were collected and stored for DNA analysis before destruction.
Genetic Analysis Process
- Conducted under the RhoDIS India programme (Rhino DNA Index System).
- Samples repackaged and sent to the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) in Dehradun.
- Objective:
- Create individual DNA profiles of rhino horns.
- Monitor allele frequency changes in Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) over time.
- Build a robust genetic database to:
- Trace poached horns.
- Understand population diversity.
- Assist in rhino conservation and management.
Importance of RhoDIS:
- RhoDIS originated in South Africa to combat rhino poaching.
- Helps in:
- Forensic identification of seized horns.
- Linking poached horns to specific rhinos or locations.
- Legal proceedings against wildlife crimes.
Rhino Species Around the World & IUCN Status
There are five species of rhinoceros globally, spread across Asia and Africa:
| Species | Scientific Name | Range | IUCN Status |
| Indian Rhino (Greater One-Horned) | Rhinoceros unicornis | India, Nepal | Vulnerable |
| Javan Rhino | Rhinoceros sondaicus | Indonesia (Ujung Kulon NP) | Critically Endangered |
| Sumatran Rhino | Dicerorhinus sumatrensis | Indonesia (Sumatra & Borneo) | Critically Endangered |
| Black Rhino | Diceros bicornis | East & Southern Africa | Critically Endangered |
| White Rhino | Ceratotherium simum | Southern Africa (mostly), Central Africa (very few) | Near Threatened |
🔍 Note: Northern white rhino is functionally extinct — only two females left.
India’s Rhino Conservation
- India has the largest population of Greater One-Horned Rhinos.
- Major habitat: Kaziranga National Park, Assam.
- Population: Over 2,700 rhinos (2023 estimates).
- India follows a zero poaching policy and undertakes efforts like:
- Indian Rhino Vision 2020 (now extended).
- Translocation to other protected areas.
- Community awareness and anti-poaching patrols.
