Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP)
Context:
Recently, the Tamil Nadu government urged the Centre to include the mumps vaccine in the Universal Immunisation Programme.
- Currently, 11 vaccines are included under the UIP in Tamil Nadu to administer to children and pregnant women against 12 vaccine-preventable diseases.
- With more than 150 to 200 cases being notified in a month, the state requested the Union government to consider adding the mumps vaccine to the Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP).
Relevance:
GS-02 (Health, Government policies and interventions)
Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP)
- It is a public health initiative that provides free vaccinations to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases.
- It was launched in 1985.
- Eligibility: Newborns and pregnant women
- UIP was integrated into the Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Program in 1992.
- It also became a part of the National Reproductive and Child Health Programme in 1997 and was incorporated into the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) since 2005.
- To reinforce universal immunisation, Mission Indradhanush (MI) was launched in December 2014 with the aim of rapidly increasing full immunisation coverage of children to 90 percent and sustaining it thereafter.
- Vaccines under UIP:
- National Level (9 Diseases): Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Polio, Measles, Rubella, Hepatitis B, Meningitis, and Pneumonia (caused by Hemophilus Influenza Type B).
- Sub-National Level (3 Diseases): Rotavirus Diarrhoea, Pneumococcal Pneumonia, and Japanese Encephalitis.
- The UIP is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions and has significantly reduced the number of deaths from vaccine-preventable diseases.
Mission Indhradhanush:
- The mission was announced in December 2014 as a special drive to vaccinate all unvaccinated and partially vaccinated children under UIP.
- Aim: To ensure high coverage of children and pregnant women with all available vaccines throughout the country.
- It also targets immunisation of children in India from 65% in 2014 to at least 90% before 2020.
- The program provides vaccination against eight nationally preventable diseases, including diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, polio, measles, severe childhood tuberculosis, hepatitis B, and meningitis & pneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenza type B. It also includes vaccines for rotavirus diarrhoea.
Prelims Question:
Consider the following statements:
- The Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) is a mission under the ministry of women and child development.
- All children and pregnant women are the primary beneficiaries under the program.
- Mission Indradhanush (MI), which was launched to reinforce universal immunisation.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- 2 and 3
- 1 and 2
- 1 and 3
- 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
Correct answer: A) 2 and 3
The Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) is a mission under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
