Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index

#GS-02 Social Justice

About Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI):

Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is an annual report produced by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI).
It replaced the Human Poverty Index.
The MPI is published along with the HDI (Human Development Index) in the Human Development Report.

DIMENSIONS OF POVERTY	INDICATOR	DEPRIVED IF LIVING IN A HOUSEHOLD WHERE…	WEIGHT
Health (1/3)	Nutrition	Any person under 70 years of age for whom there is nutritional information is undernourished.	1/6
Health (1/3)	Child mortality	A child under 18 has died in the household in the five-year period preceding the survey.	1/6
Education (1/3)	Years of schooling	No eligible household member has completed six years of schooling.	1/6
Education (1/3)	School attendance	Any school-aged child is not attending school up to the age at which he/she would complete class 8.	1/6
Living Standards (1/3)	Cooking fuel	A household cooks using solid fuel, such as dung, agricultural crop, shrubs, wood, charcoal, or coal.	1/18
	Sanitation	The household has unimproved or no sanitation facility or it is improved but shared with other households.	1/18
	Drinking water	The household’s source of drinking water is not safe or safe drinking water is a 30-minute or longer walk from home, roundtrip.	1/18
	Electricity	The household has no electricity.	1/18
	Housing	The household has inadequate housing materials in any of the three components: floor, roof, or walls.	1/18
	Assets	The household does not own more than one of these assets: radio, TV, telephone, computer, animal cart, bicycle, motorbike, or refrigerator, and does not own a car or truck.	1/18

About 41.5 crore people exited poverty in India during the 15-year period between 2005-06 and 2019-21, out of which two-third exited in the first 10 years, and one-third in the next five years.
Incidence of poverty fell from 55.1% in 2005-06 to 16.4% in 2019-21 in the country and that deprivations in all 10 MPI indicators saw significant reductions as a result of which the MPI value and incidence of poverty more than halved.
Bihar, the poorest State in 2015-2016, saw the fastest reduction in MPI value in absolute terms.
The incidence of poverty there fell from 77.4% in 2005-2006 to to 34.7% in 2019-2021.
India has the largest number of poor people worldwide at 22.8 crore, followed by Nigeria at 9.6 crore.
There were also 9.7 crore poor children in India in 2019-2021 — more than the total number of poor people, children and adults combined, in any other country covered by the global MPI.
South Asia for the first time is not the region with the highest number of poor people, at 38.5 crore, compared with 57.9 crore in Sub-Saharan Africa.