Exercise Varuna 2025

Context:

The 23rd edition of Exercise Varuna 2025 was conducted in the Arabian Sea from March 19–22, 2025. This joint naval exercise reflects the deeper strategic partnership between India and France in maritime security.

Relevance:
GS-03 (Security)

Background of Exercise Varuna

Initiated in 1993 as a naval cooperation drill between the two nations.
Officially named ‘Varuna’ in 2001, it has evolved into a key element of Indo-French defense collaboration.
The exercise focuses on enhancing combat readiness, improving joint tactical coordination, and strengthening maritime security operations.

Key Highlights of Exercise Varuna 2025

INS Vikrant (India) and Charles de Gaulle (France) conducted joint carrier battle group maneuvers, with the Indian Navy studying Rafale-M fighter jets.
Indian MiG-29K and French Rafale-M jets engaged in mock air battles, testing advanced air defense tactics.
Indian Scorpene-class submarines simulated enemy threats, while Indian and French frigates defended key assets like the French oiler Jacques Chevallier.
Warships executed coordinated combat exercises, with maritime patrol aircraft enhancing surveillance and situational awareness.
Replenishment at sea drills were conducted to improve interoperability in naval supply and support operations.
Other India-France Military Exercises
- FRINJEX – Joint Army Exercise
- GARUDA – Bilateral Air Force Exercise

Prelims Question

Q. With reference to Exercise Varuna, consider the following statements:

It is a joint naval exercise between India and France, first held in 2001.
The 2025 edition included participation from both aircraft carriers, INS Vikrant and Charles de Gaulle.
Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) was not a part of the latest edition.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

Explanation: Exercise Varuna was initiated in 1993 and officially named in 2001. The 2025 edition included ASW drills, so Statement 3 is incorrect.