Daily Static Quiz – 30th October, 2022

Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct. Ken-Betwa will provide irrigation to an area of 6,35,661 ha annually (3,69,881
ha in MP and 2,65,780 ha in UP). In addition, the project will provide 49 million cubic meter (MCM)
of water for enroute drinking water supply to population of 13.42 lakh of UP & MP. The project will
also generate 78 MW of power.
Statement 2 is correct. The National Water Development Agency was set up in 1982. It is the nodal
agency for carrying out interlinking of rivers. Some of the major functions of the agency include:
To prepare feasibility report of the various components of the scheme relating to Peninsular Rivers
development and Himalayan Rivers development.
To prepare detailed project report of river link proposals under National Perspective Plan for Water
Resources Development after concurrence of the concerned States.
To undertake/construct/repair/renovate/rehabilitate/implement the projects either on its own or
through an appointed Agency/Organization/PSU or Company and the projects forming part of
Interlinking of Rivers, for completion of projects falling under PradhanMantriKrishiSinchaiYojana
(PMKSY) of which projects under Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme (AIBP) are also
included and similar other project.
Statement 3 is correct. Ken-Betwariver linking project has been declared a national project. Under
such status, the states would be spared from funding obligation on major heads. The national project is
eligible for 90% grant for the cost of work of irrigation and drinking water components of the project.
Besides, the progress of work on ‘national project’ is monitored by a high-powered steering committee
chaired by Union water resources secretary.

Explanation:
Warabandi system of water distribution is followed for canal irrigation system at many parts of India.
It is observed that tail end fields receive less amount of water compared to fields situated at or near the
head of water courses. This is because of seepage losses in unlined water courses. Warabandi is a
rotational method for equitable distribution of the available water in an irrigation system by turns
fixed according to a predetermined schedule specifying

Explanation:
The irrigation distribution can be observed in the map.
The southern part of India has a predominance of Tank and Well irrigation, while the northern India
has a widespread use of Canal irrigation

Explanation:
Sources of irrigation (2011-2012)
Tube wells and other wells: 61.58%
Canals: 24.54%
Other sources of Irrrigation: 10.91%
Tanks: 2.97%

Explanation:
LTIF was created in 2016 with an initial corpus of Rs. 20,000 crore for funding and fast tracking the
implementation of incomplete major and medium irrigation projects. Hence statement 1 is correct.
It aims to bridge the resource gap and facilitate completion of these projects during 2016-2020. 23
projects (priority-I) have been identified to be completed by 2016-17, 31 projects (priority –II) have
been identified to be completed by 2017-18 and balance 45 projects (priority – III) have been
identified to be completed by 2019-20.
LTIF has been instituted in NABARD under Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana. Hence,
statement 2 is correct

Explanation:
Productive irrigation is meant to provide sufficient soil moisture in the cropping season to achieve
high productivity. In such irrigation the water input per unit area of cultivated land is higher than
protective irrigation. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
The objective of protective irrigation is to protect the crops from adverse effects of soil moisture
deficiency which often means that irrigation acts as a supplementary source of water over and above
the rainfall. The strategy of this kind of irrigation is to provide soil moisture to maximum possible
area. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.

Explanation:
Ken-Betwa link project:
The Ken-Betwa link project envisages diversion of surplus waters of Ken basin to water deficit Betwa
basin.It is India’s first inter-State river interlinking project.The main feature of the project is a 230-km
long canal and a series of barrages and dams connecting the Ken and Betwa rivers.The key projects
are Makodia and Dhaudhan dams.This link canal will provide irrigation to water short areas of upper
Betwa basin of Madhya Pradesh by way of substitution and also to en route areas of Madhya Pradesh
and Uttar Pradesh.Hence, option (c) is the correct answer

Explanation:
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil or agricultural field. It is the replacement or
supplementation of rainwater with another source of water. It is used in dry areas and during periods
of inadequate rainfall. The main sources of irrigation in India are:
Canals: Canals can be an effective source of irrigation in areas of low relief, deep fertile soils, a
perennial source of water and an extensive command area. Therefore the main concentration of canal
irrigation is in the northern plains. Wells (and tubewells): A well is a hole dug in the ground to obtain
the subsoil water. Various methods are used to lift the groundwater from the well. Some of the widely
used methods are the Persian wheel, reht, charas or mot, and dhinghly (lever) etc. This method of
irrigation is popular in those areas where sufficient sweet groundwater is available. It is particularly
suitable in areas with permeable rock structure which allows accumulation of groundwater through
percolation. Therefore wells are seen more in areas with alluvial soil, regur soil, etc. and less seen in
rocky terrain or mountainous regions.Tanks: A tank is a reservoir for irrigation, a small lake or pool
made by damming the valley of a stream to retain the monsoon rain for later use. It is more popular in
south India because:Rainfall is followed by a very dry season. Hence, there is a need to preserve
rainwater.South India does not have perennial riversApart from this, relief is undulating and the
presence of hard rocks in peninsular India makes it difficult to dig canals.Peninsular aquifers are
complex and have low-storage capacity where the water level tends to drop very rapidly once the
water table falls by more than 2-6 meters. Additionally, these aquifers have poor permeability which
limits their recharge through rainfall. This implies that water in these aquifers is non-replenishable and
will eventually dry out due to continuous usage.Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

Explanation:
Micro-irrigation is defined as the frequent application of small quantities of water directly above and
below the soil surface; usually as discrete drops, continuous drops or tiny streams through emitters
placed along a water delivery line.It applies the water only to the plant’s root zone and saves water
because of the high application efficiency and high water distribution uniformity.It has gained
attention during recent years because of its potential to increase yields and decrease water, fertilizer,
and labour requirements if managed properly.Microirrigation systems can apply water and fertilizer
directly to individual plants or trees, reducing the wetted area by wetting only a fraction of the soil
surface; thus, water is applied directly to the root zone.If managed properly, it can increase yields and
decrease water, fertilizer and labour requirements.Microirrigation can irrigate sloping or irregularlyshaped land areas that cannot be flood irrigated.Any water-soluble fertilizer may be injected through a
micro-irrigation system.Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

Explanation:
Fertigation is the application of fertilizer with irrigation water. Hence, statement 1 is correct. The
factors that govern the fertigation soil types, crops, methods of irrigation used, water quality, types of
fertilizers available, economic feasibility etc.Water and nutrient are the main factors of production in
irrigated agriculture and the major inputs in contributing to higher productivity. The method of
fertilizer and irrigation application affects the efficiency of these inputs in arid and semi-arid
regions.The advantages and disadvantages of fertigation are mentioned below:
Advantages
In drip fertigation, fertilizer application is synchronized with plant need which varies from plant to
plant. In drip fertigation, the amount and form of nutrient supply is regulated as per the need of the
critical stages of plant growth.Saving in the amount of fertilizer applied due to better fertilizer use
efficiency and reduction in leaching.Optimization of nutrient balance in soils by supplying the
nutrients directly to the effective root zones as per the requirement.Reduction in labor and energy cost
by making use of water distribution systems for nutrient application. Better yield and quality of
products obtained.Timely application of small but precise amounts of fertilizers directly to the roots
zone, this improves fertilizer use efficiency and reduces nutrient leaching below the root zone.Ensures
a uniform flow of water and nutrients.Improves the availability of nutrients and their uptake by the
crop.Safer application method, as it eliminates the danger affecting roots due to a higher dose. Soil
and water erosion are prevented.
Disadvantages
Both the components (drip and water-soluble fertilizer) are very costly.Maintenance of drip irrigation
is difficult. There is a possibility of theft and rat infestation.Good quality of water is very essential.
Clogging of emitters may cause a serious problem. It needs water-soluble fertilizers, the availability of
these types of fertilizers is limited.Adjustment of fertilizers to suit the need is not easy. Infestation of
insects pest and diseases increases. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
Fertigation increases water and nutrient use efficiency. With the increase of coverage of area under
drip irrigation, the area under fertigation is likely to increase. Of late, the use of drip in rice which is
the most important food crop of the country has been reported from AP. But drip has its own
limitations. It can not be a substitute of the traditional irrigation system in high rainfall area and in the
area where the traditional irrigation system has been well developed. Hence, statement 3 is not correct.
The fertiliser can be injected into the drip irrigation system by selecting appropriate equipment.
Commonly used fertigation equipment are Venturi pumps, Fertiliser tank, Fertiliser injection pump.