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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
2 points
With reference to the weathering process, consider the following statements:
1. Exfoliation is a form of chemical weathering in which curved plates of rock are
stripped from rock below.
2. Exfoliation domes are best developed in granitic rock.
3. Chemical weathering transforms the original material into a substance with a
different composition.
4. The rate of mechanical weathering is accelerated by the presence of warm
temperatures and moisture.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Ans c)
Statement 1 is incorrect: Exfoliation is a form of mechanical weathering in which curved
plates of rock are stripped from rock below.
Statement 4 is incorrect: The rate of chemical weathering is greatly accelerated by the
presence of warm temperatures and moisture.
Chemical weathering transforms the original material into a substance with a different
composition and different physical characteristics.
Mechanical weathering is a slow process unlike chemical weathering which causes
immediate reaction if there is any increase in temperature or moisture.
The rate of chemical weathering is greatly accelerated by the presence of warm
temperatures and moisture.
Incorrect
Ans c)
Statement 1 is incorrect: Exfoliation is a form of mechanical weathering in which curved
plates of rock are stripped from rock below.
Statement 4 is incorrect: The rate of chemical weathering is greatly accelerated by the
presence of warm temperatures and moisture.
Chemical weathering transforms the original material into a substance with a different
composition and different physical characteristics.
Mechanical weathering is a slow process unlike chemical weathering which causes
immediate reaction if there is any increase in temperature or moisture.
The rate of chemical weathering is greatly accelerated by the presence of warm
temperatures and moisture.
Question 2 of 10
2. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements with respect to the Coastal Plains in India:
1. The Gujarat coastal plains form large deltas.
2. The eastern coast is mainly emergent type as it is characterized by offshore bars, sea
beaches, sand ridges, and lagoons.
3. Coromandel Coast contains lakes, lagoons, and backwaters locally called Kayals.
4. Odisha and West Bengal coasts are called as Northern Circar coast.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
Correct
Ans b)
Statement 1 is incorrect: The Gujarat Coastal plains have Estuaries (due to lack of alluvium
and hard surface rocks) and not Deltas.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Malabar Coast contains lakes, lagoons, and backwaters locally
called Kayals.
The Gujarat Coastal plains have Estuaries (due to lack of alluvium and hard surface rocks)
and not Deltas
Malabar Coast contains lakes, lagoons, and backwaters locally called Kayals.
The eastern coast is mainly emergent type i.e., its outline is regular and is characterized by
offshore bars, sea beaches, sand ridges, and lagoons.
Tamil Nadu coast is called Coromandel Coast while Odisha and West Bengal coast is called
Northern Circar coast.
Incorrect
Ans b)
Statement 1 is incorrect: The Gujarat Coastal plains have Estuaries (due to lack of alluvium
and hard surface rocks) and not Deltas.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Malabar Coast contains lakes, lagoons, and backwaters locally
called Kayals.
The Gujarat Coastal plains have Estuaries (due to lack of alluvium and hard surface rocks)
and not Deltas
Malabar Coast contains lakes, lagoons, and backwaters locally called Kayals.
The eastern coast is mainly emergent type i.e., its outline is regular and is characterized by
offshore bars, sea beaches, sand ridges, and lagoons.
Tamil Nadu coast is called Coromandel Coast while Odisha and West Bengal coast is called
Northern Circar coast.
Question 3 of 10
3. Question
2 points
Identify the river having the following characteristics:
1. It is the largest west flowing river of Peninsular India.
2. It rises from Amarkantak Plateau near Anuppur district.
3. It drains in the Gulf of Khambhat into the Arabian Sea.
4. Its valley is a depressed block of the Earth’s crust bordered by parallel faults.
Which of the following rivers best describes the above characteristics?
Correct
Ans a)
River Narmada is the largest west flowing river of the Peninsular India.
Incorrect
Ans a)
River Narmada is the largest west flowing river of the Peninsular India.
Question 4 of 10
4. Question
2 points
The Nilgiris along the west coast are relatively tectonically stable as compared to the
Himalayas; but still, debris avalanches and landslides occur in these hills. Why?
1. Many slopes are steeper with almost vertical cliffs and escarpments in the Western
Ghats and Nilgiris.
2. Mechanical weathering due to temperature changes and ranges is pronounced in
Nilgiris.
3. Nilgiris is mostly made up of sedimentary rocks and unconsolidated and semi
consolidated deposits.
4. Nilgiris receive heavy amount of rainfall over short periods.
Select the correct answer:
Correct
Ans c)
Statement 3 is incorrect: Himalayas are mostly made up of sedimentary rocks and
unconsolidated and semi-consolidated deposits whereas Nilgiris are made up of very hard
rocks.
Rapid Movements:
In India, debris avalanches and landslides occur very frequently in the Himalayas because
the Himalayas are tectonically active. They are mostly made up of sedimentary rocks and
unconsolidated and semiconsolidated deposits.
Incorrect
Ans c)
Statement 3 is incorrect: Himalayas are mostly made up of sedimentary rocks and
unconsolidated and semi-consolidated deposits whereas Nilgiris are made up of very hard
rocks.
Rapid Movements:
In India, debris avalanches and landslides occur very frequently in the Himalayas because
the Himalayas are tectonically active. They are mostly made up of sedimentary rocks and
unconsolidated and semiconsolidated deposits.
Question 5 of 10
5. Question
2 points
Which of the following statements regarding “Protostar” is most appropriate?
Correct
Ans c)
Protostars are clouds of dust and gas spiraled together by the force of gravity. Stars begin
their lives as clouds of dust and gas called nebulae. The gravity of a passing star or the shock
wave from a nearby supernova may cause the nebula to contract. Matter in the gas cloud
will begin to coalesce into a dense region called a protostar.
Incorrect
Ans c)
Protostars are clouds of dust and gas spiraled together by the force of gravity. Stars begin
their lives as clouds of dust and gas called nebulae. The gravity of a passing star or the shock
wave from a nearby supernova may cause the nebula to contract. Matter in the gas cloud
will begin to coalesce into a dense region called a protostar.
Question 6 of 10
6. Question
2 points
Which of the following features are created by Himalayan Rivers in their mountainous
course?
1. Gorges
2. V-shaped Valleys
3. Ox-bow Lakes
4. Waterfalls
Select the correct answer:
Correct
Ans c)
Statement 3 is incorrect: Ox-bow lakes are created by Himalayan Rivers in plain areas.
The Himalayan Drainage
It mainly includes the Ganga, the Indus and the Brahmaputra River basins. Since these are
fed both by melting of snow and precipitation, rivers of this system are perennial.
These rivers pass through the giant gorges carved out by the erosional activity carried on
simultaneously with the uplift of the Himalayas.
Besides deep gorges, these rivers also form V-shaped valleys, rapids and waterfalls in their
mountainous course.
While entering the plains, they form depositional features like flat valleys, ox-bow lakes,
flood plains, braided channels, and deltas near the river mouth.
Incorrect
Ans c)
Statement 3 is incorrect: Ox-bow lakes are created by Himalayan Rivers in plain areas.
The Himalayan Drainage
It mainly includes the Ganga, the Indus and the Brahmaputra River basins. Since these are
fed both by melting of snow and precipitation, rivers of this system are perennial.
These rivers pass through the giant gorges carved out by the erosional activity carried on
simultaneously with the uplift of the Himalayas.
Besides deep gorges, these rivers also form V-shaped valleys, rapids and waterfalls in their
mountainous course.
While entering the plains, they form depositional features like flat valleys, ox-bow lakes,
flood plains, braided channels, and deltas near the river mouth.
Question 7 of 10
7. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements with reference to the course of a river:
1. V-shaped valleys are formed in the youth stage as vertical corrasion takes place.
2. In middle course, lateral corrasion replaces vertical corrasion.
3. Deposition is the main work of river in the plain course.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Ans d)
The course of a river may be divided into three distinct parts:
Youth/Upper/Mountain Course:
This begins at the source of the river near the water shed, which is probably the crest of a
mountain range. The river is very swift as it descends the steep slopes, and the predominant
action of the river is vertical corrasion. The valley developed is thus deep, narrow and
distinctively V-shaped.
Down- cutting takes place so rapidly that lateral corrasion cannot keep pace. In some cases
where the rocks are very resistant, the valley is so narrow and the sides are so steep that
gorges are formed e.g., the Indus Gorge in Kashmir.
In arid regions, where there is little rainfall to widen the valley sides, and the river cuts deep
into the valley-floor, precipitous valleys called canyons are formed, e.g. the Bryce Canyon,
Utah, U.S.A.
Mature/Middle/Valley Course:
In the middle course, lateral corrasion tends to replace vertical corrasion. Active erosion of
the banks widens the V-shaped valley. The volume of water increases with the confluence of
many tributaries and this increases the river’s load.
The work of the river is predominantly transportation with some deposition. The river’s
treble task of valley-cutting, bed-smoothing and debris-removal are being carried out in a
more tranquil manner than in the mountain course though the velocity does not decrease.
Old/Lower/Plain Course:
The river moving downstream across a broad, level plain is heavy with debris brought down
from the upper course. Vertical corrasion has almost ceased though lateral corrasion still
goes on to erode its banks further. The work of the river is mainly deposition. The volume of
water is greatly swelled by the additional tributaries that join the mainstream.
Incorrect
Ans d)
The course of a river may be divided into three distinct parts:
Youth/Upper/Mountain Course:
This begins at the source of the river near the water shed, which is probably the crest of a
mountain range. The river is very swift as it descends the steep slopes, and the predominant
action of the river is vertical corrasion. The valley developed is thus deep, narrow and
distinctively V-shaped.
Down- cutting takes place so rapidly that lateral corrasion cannot keep pace. In some cases
where the rocks are very resistant, the valley is so narrow and the sides are so steep that
gorges are formed e.g., the Indus Gorge in Kashmir.
In arid regions, where there is little rainfall to widen the valley sides, and the river cuts deep
into the valley-floor, precipitous valleys called canyons are formed, e.g. the Bryce Canyon,
Utah, U.S.A.
Mature/Middle/Valley Course:
In the middle course, lateral corrasion tends to replace vertical corrasion. Active erosion of
the banks widens the V-shaped valley. The volume of water increases with the confluence of
many tributaries and this increases the river’s load.
The work of the river is predominantly transportation with some deposition. The river’s
treble task of valley-cutting, bed-smoothing and debris-removal are being carried out in a
more tranquil manner than in the mountain course though the velocity does not decrease.
Old/Lower/Plain Course:
The river moving downstream across a broad, level plain is heavy with debris brought down
from the upper course. Vertical corrasion has almost ceased though lateral corrasion still
goes on to erode its banks further. The work of the river is mainly deposition. The volume of
water is greatly swelled by the additional tributaries that join the mainstream.
Question 8 of 10
8. Question
2 points
With reference to groundwater as an agent of erosion, consider the following
statements:
1. Physical or mechanical removal of materials by moving groundwater is very
significant in developing landforms.
2. Groundwater develops varieties of landforms through the processes of solution and
precipitation.
3. Karst topography is named after Karst region in Yugoslavia where limestone is
abundant.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
Correct
Ans a)
Statement 1 is incorrect: Physical or mechanical removal of materials by moving
groundwater is in significant in developing landforms.
Incorrect
Ans a)
Statement 1 is incorrect: Physical or mechanical removal of materials by moving
groundwater is in significant in developing landforms.
Question 9 of 10
9. Question
2 points
Which of the following statements regarding galaxy is/are correct?
1. A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of stars only.
2. Most of the galaxies contain super massive black hole at their centers.
3. A super massive black hole Sagittarius A is present in Milky Way galaxy.
Select the correct answer:
Correct
Ans c)
Statement 1 is incorrect: A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar
remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter.
Galaxies are categorized according to their visual morphology as elliptical, spiral, or
irregular.
The space between galaxies is filled with a tenuous gas (the intergalactic medium) having an
average density of less than one atom per cubic meter. The majority of galaxies are
gravitationally organized into groups, clusters, and superclusters.
Nearly all the galaxies are thought to contain supermassive black holes at their centers.
Incorrect
Ans c)
Statement 1 is incorrect: A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar
remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter.
Galaxies are categorized according to their visual morphology as elliptical, spiral, or
irregular.
The space between galaxies is filled with a tenuous gas (the intergalactic medium) having an
average density of less than one atom per cubic meter. The majority of galaxies are
gravitationally organized into groups, clusters, and superclusters.
Nearly all the galaxies are thought to contain supermassive black holes at their centers.
Question 10 of 10
10. Question
2 points
Which of the following process(es) can be best associated with Diastrophism?
1. Mountain building through severe folding of the earth’s crust.
2. The heat generation by the radioactive elements in earth’s interior.
3. Weathering, mass wasting, erosion and deposition.
Select the correct answer:
Correct
Ans b)
Statement 3 is incorrect: Diastrophism is an endogenic geomorphic process, while
weathering, mass wasting, erosion and deposition are exogenic geomorphic processes.
The endogenic and exogenic forces causing physical and chemical changes on earth surface
are known as geomorphic processes.
Diastrophism, also called tectonism, large-scale deformation of Earth’s crust by natural
processes, which leads to the formation of continents and ocean basins, mountain systems,
plateaus, rift valleys, and other features by mechanisms such as lithospheric plate
movement (that is, plate tectonics), volcanic loading, or folding.
Incorrect
Ans b)
Statement 3 is incorrect: Diastrophism is an endogenic geomorphic process, while
weathering, mass wasting, erosion and deposition are exogenic geomorphic processes.
The endogenic and exogenic forces causing physical and chemical changes on earth surface
are known as geomorphic processes.
Diastrophism, also called tectonism, large-scale deformation of Earth’s crust by natural
processes, which leads to the formation of continents and ocean basins, mountain systems,
plateaus, rift valleys, and other features by mechanisms such as lithospheric plate
movement (that is, plate tectonics), volcanic loading, or folding.
