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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
2 points
Ecological succession from Pioneer community to Climax community is characterized by which of the following?
1.Increased productivity
2.Increased complexity of food web
3.Decreased diversity of the organism
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Option B is correct.
• Succession occurs when a series of communities replace one another due to large destruction either natural or manmade. This process continues – one community replacing another community, until a stable, mature community develops.
• Succession is characterized by increased productivity, the shift of nutrients from’ the reservoirs, increased diversity of organisms with increased niche development, and a gradual increase in the complexity of food webs.Hence, statement 1 and 2 is correct.Statement 3 is incorrect.
Incorrect
Option B is correct.
• Succession occurs when a series of communities replace one another due to large destruction either natural or manmade. This process continues – one community replacing another community, until a stable, mature community develops.
• Succession is characterized by increased productivity, the shift of nutrients from’ the reservoirs, increased diversity of organisms with increased niche development, and a gradual increase in the complexity of food webs.Hence, statement 1 and 2 is correct.Statement 3 is incorrect.
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
2 points
Consider the following statement in context of carrying capacity of earth:
1.It is a critical point beyond which the population will rise at a faster pace.
2.Development is unsustainable if we exploit nature more than its carrying capacity.
3. Only irreversible changes affect the carrying capacity of the earth.
Which of the statements above is/are correct?
Correct
Option B is correct.
• Carrying capacity is the maximum pressure or load that a system can withstand before breaking down. If we exceed the carrying capacity of earth, the population of earth will collapse.Hence,statement 1 is incorrect.
• Development is sustainable as long as an economy is operating within carrying capacity of the environment.Concept of carrying capacity is integral to Sustainable development. Hence,statement 2 is correct.
• If too much resources are extracted or used up than it can afford to give or too much pollutants are discharged into it than it can absorb, then carrying capacity is severely damaged. Once damaged and destroyed beyond repair, it loses its ability to get back to its pure or usable or harmless state.The damage which are reversible and can be repaired does not affect carrying capacity.It is the irreversible damage which affect carrying capacity.Hence,statement 3 is correct.
Incorrect
Option B is correct.
• Carrying capacity is the maximum pressure or load that a system can withstand before breaking down. If we exceed the carrying capacity of earth, the population of earth will collapse.Hence,statement 1 is incorrect.
• Development is sustainable as long as an economy is operating within carrying capacity of the environment.Concept of carrying capacity is integral to Sustainable development. Hence,statement 2 is correct.
• If too much resources are extracted or used up than it can afford to give or too much pollutants are discharged into it than it can absorb, then carrying capacity is severely damaged. Once damaged and destroyed beyond repair, it loses its ability to get back to its pure or usable or harmless state.The damage which are reversible and can be repaired does not affect carrying capacity.It is the irreversible damage which affect carrying capacity.Hence,statement 3 is correct.
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
2 points
A negative feedback mechanism is responsible for maintaining stability in an ecosystem is known as
Correct
Option D is correct.
• Ecosystems are capable of maintaining their state of equilibrium. They can regulate their own species structure and functional processes. This capacity of the ecosystem of self regulation is known as homeostasis. Hence, option D is correct.
• For example, in a pond ecosystem if the population of zooplankton increased, they would consume large numbers of the phytoplankton and as a result soon zooplankton would have a short supply of food for them. As the number of zooplankton is reduced because of starvation, the phytoplankton population starts increasing. After some time the population size of zooplankton also increases and this process continues at all the trophic levels of the food chain.
• Ecotopes are the smallest ecologically-distinct landscape features in a landscape mapping and classification system. • Biocapacity is the capacity of an area to provide resources and absorb wastes.
• Xerosere is a plant succession which is limited by water availability. It includes the different stages in a xerarch succession. Xerarch succession of ecological communities originated in extremely dry situation such as sand deserts, sand dunes, salt deserts, rock deserts etc
Incorrect
Option D is correct.
• Ecosystems are capable of maintaining their state of equilibrium. They can regulate their own species structure and functional processes. This capacity of the ecosystem of self regulation is known as homeostasis. Hence, option D is correct.
• For example, in a pond ecosystem if the population of zooplankton increased, they would consume large numbers of the phytoplankton and as a result soon zooplankton would have a short supply of food for them. As the number of zooplankton is reduced because of starvation, the phytoplankton population starts increasing. After some time the population size of zooplankton also increases and this process continues at all the trophic levels of the food chain.
• Ecotopes are the smallest ecologically-distinct landscape features in a landscape mapping and classification system.
• Biocapacity is the capacity of an area to provide resources and absorb wastes.
• Xerosere is a plant succession which is limited by water availability. It includes the different stages in a xerarch succession. Xerarch succession of ecological communities originated in extremely dry situation such as sand deserts, sand dunes, salt deserts, rock deserts etc
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
2 points
“It is a colourless and odourless gas and one of the most serious air pollutants, produced as a result of incomplete combustion of carbon. It binds to haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin which is highly poisonous to living beings because of its ability to block the delivery of oxygen to the organs and tissues.”
Which of the following air pollutants is being referred to in the above passage?
Correct
Option C is correct.
Correct chronological sequence is Lichen-Moss-Herb-Shrub. Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most serious air pollutants. It is a colourless and odourless gas, highly poisonous to living beings because of its ability to block the delivery of oxygen to the organs and tissues. It is produced as a result of incomplete combustion of carbon.
• Carbon monoxide is mainly released into the air by automobile exhaust. Other sources, which produce CO, involve incomplete combustion of coal, firewood, petrol, etc.
• It binds to haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin, which is about 300 times more stable than the oxygen-haemoglobin complex. In blood, when the concentration of carboxyhaemoglobin reaches about 3–4 per cent, the oxygen carrying capacity of blood is greatly reduced. This oxygen deficiency, results into headache, weak eyesight, nervousness and cardiovascular disorder. This is the reason why people are advised not to smoke. In pregnant women who have the habit of smoking the increased CO level in blood may induce premature birth, spontaneous abortions and deformed babies.
• Sulfur dioxide is a nonflammable, colorless gas with a very strong, pungent odour.
• Carbon dioxide is colorless and odourless but it is produced by the complete combustion of carbon.
• Ammonia is a colourless gas with a characteristic pungent smell
Incorrect
Option C is correct.
Correct chronological sequence is Lichen-Moss-Herb-Shrub. Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most serious air pollutants. It is a colourless and odourless gas, highly poisonous to living beings because of its ability to block the delivery of oxygen to the organs and tissues. It is produced as a result of incomplete combustion of carbon.
• Carbon monoxide is mainly released into the air by automobile exhaust. Other sources, which produce CO, involve incomplete combustion of coal, firewood, petrol, etc.
• It binds to haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin, which is about 300 times more stable than the oxygen-haemoglobin complex. In blood, when the concentration of carboxyhaemoglobin reaches about 3–4 per cent, the oxygen carrying capacity of blood is greatly reduced. This oxygen deficiency, results into headache, weak eyesight, nervousness and cardiovascular disorder. This is the reason why people are advised not to smoke. In pregnant women who have the habit of smoking the increased CO level in blood may induce premature birth, spontaneous abortions and deformed babies.
• Sulfur dioxide is a nonflammable, colorless gas with a very strong, pungent odour.
• Carbon dioxide is colorless and odourless but it is produced by the complete combustion of carbon.
• Ammonia is a colourless gas with a characteristic pungent smell
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
2 points
Which of the following statements is correct about Mercury Pollution?
1. Mercury pollution occurs only due to anthropogenic factors.
2. Bioaccumulation in the food chain occurs due to ethylmercury.
3. Minamata disease is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Correct
Option B is correct.
• Mercury is introduced into the environment in three ways. First, mercury is emitted into the air naturally from volcanoes, the weathering of rocks, forest fires, and soils. Second, mercury is emitted into the air from the burning of fossil fuels and municipal or medical waste. Lastly, mercury can be re-introduced into the environment through natural processes such as evaporation of ocean water. Hence,statement 1 is incorrect.
• When released into the environment, it accumulates in water-laid sediments where it converts into toxic methylmercury and enters the food chain. Mercury contamination is a significant public health and environmental problem because methylmercury easily enters the bloodstream and affects the brain.Mercury, such as thiomersal (ethylmercury), is used in very small amounts as a preservative in some vaccines and pharmaceuticals. Compared to methylmercury, ethylmercury is very different. Ethylmercury is broken down by the body quickly and does not accumulate. Hence,statement 2 is incorrect.
• Minamata disease was first discovered in Minamata city in Kumamoto prefecture, Japan in 1956 was caused by the release of methyl mercury in the industrial wastewater from the Chisso Corporation’s Chemical factory, which continued from 1932 to 1968. It is also referred to as Chisso-Minamata disease, is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning. Symptoms include ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet, general muscle weakness, narrowing of the field of vision and damage to hearing and speech. In extreme cases, insanity, paralysis, coma, and death follow within weeks of the onset of symptoms.Hence,statement 3 is correct.
Incorrect
Option B is correct.
• Mercury is introduced into the environment in three ways. First, mercury is emitted into the air naturally from volcanoes, the weathering of rocks, forest fires, and soils. Second, mercury is emitted into the air from the burning of fossil fuels and municipal or medical waste. Lastly, mercury can be re-introduced into the environment through natural processes such as evaporation of ocean water. Hence,statement 1 is incorrect.
• When released into the environment, it accumulates in water-laid sediments where it converts into toxic methylmercury and enters the food chain. Mercury contamination is a significant public health and environmental problem because methylmercury easily enters the bloodstream and affects the brain.Mercury, such as thiomersal (ethylmercury), is used in very small amounts as a preservative in some vaccines and pharmaceuticals. Compared to methylmercury, ethylmercury is very different. Ethylmercury is broken down by the body quickly and does not accumulate. Hence,statement 2 is incorrect.
• Minamata disease was first discovered in Minamata city in Kumamoto prefecture, Japan in 1956 was caused by the release of methyl mercury in the industrial wastewater from the Chisso Corporation’s Chemical factory, which continued from 1932 to 1968. It is also referred to as Chisso-Minamata disease, is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning. Symptoms include ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet, general muscle weakness, narrowing of the field of vision and damage to hearing and speech. In extreme cases, insanity, paralysis, coma, and death follow within weeks of the onset of symptoms.Hence,statement 3 is correct.
