Correct Answer: A
Explanation
• Statement 1 is incorrect. The solicitor general of India is appointed by a cabinet committee of the Union government. In addition to the AG, there are other law officers of the Government of India. They are the solicitor general of India and an additional solicitor general of India. They assist the AG in the fulfillment of his official responsibilities. It should be noted here that only the office of the AG is created by the Constitution. In other words, Article 76 does not mention about the solicitor
• Statement 2 is correct. Finance Commission is constituted by the President every fifth year or even earlier. Article 280 provides for a Finance Commission as a quasi-judicial body.
• Statement 3 is incorrect. International treaties are approved by the Parliament. The international treaties and agreements are negotiated and concluded on behalf of the President. However, they are subject to the approval of the Parliament.

Correct Answer: A
Explanation
• The introduction to the Constitution declares that the constitution of India was adopted and enacted by the people (citizens) of India and they are the custodians of the republic. Hence, the sovereignty resides in Citizens of India.
• The Preamble reveals four ingredients or components:
1. Source of authority of the Constitution: The Preamble states that the Constitution derives its authority from the people of India.
2. Nature of Indian State: It declares India to be of a sovereign, socialist, secular democratic and republican polity.
3. Objectives of the Constitution: It specifies justice, liberty, equality and fraternity as the objectives.
4. Date of adoption of the Constitution: It stipulates November 26, 1949 as the date.
The preamble to the Indian Constitution
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation;
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, DO HEREBY
ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

Correct Answer: B
Explanation
• Statement 1 is incorrect. The article 261 empowers the Parliament of India for the adjudication of inter-state water disputes.
• Article 262 of the Constitution provides for the adjudication of inter-state water disputes. It makes two provisions:
• Parliament may by law provide for the adjudication of any dispute or complaint with respect to the use, distribution and control of waters of any inter-state river and river valley.
• Parliament may also provide that neither the Supreme Court nor any other court is to exercise jurisdiction in respect of any such dispute or complaint.
• Statement 2 is correct. Under this provision of article 262, the Parliament has enacted two laws [the River Boards Act (1956) and the Inter-State Water Disputes Act (1956)]. The River Boards Act provides for the establishment of river boards for the regulation and development of interstate river and river valleys. A river board is established by the Central government on the request of the state governments concerned to advise them.

Correct Answer: C
Explanation
• Statement 1 is correct. The President can make regulations for the peace, progress and good government of the four Union Territories-the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. A regulation so made has the same force and effect as an act of Parliament. It may also repeal or amend any act of Parliament in relation to these union territories.
• Statement 2 is Correct. The Parliament alone can make ‘extra-territorial legislation’. Thus, the laws of the Parliament are also applicable to the Indian citizens and their property in any part of the world.
• Extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ) is the legal ability of a government to exercise authority beyond its normal boundaries. For example, many countries have laws which give their criminal courts jurisdiction to try prosecutions for piracy or terrorism committed outside their national boundaries.
• The Supreme Court of India held that Parliament has ample powers to enact legislation with respect to extra-territorial aspects in the interests of the well-being or security of inhabitants of India but it did not have powers to legislate for any territory other than the territory of India or any part of it.

Correct Answer: B
Explanation
• Statement 1 is correct. The impeachment charges can be initiated by either House of Parliament. These charges should be signed by one-fourth members of the House (that framed the charges), and a 14 days’ notice should be given to the President.
• After the impeachment resolution is passed by a majority of two-thirds of the total membership of that House, it is sent to the other House, which should investigate the charges. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
• The nominated members of either House of Parliament can participate in the impeachment of the President though they do not participate in his election. Hence, statement 3 is correct.